Well you talk about Windows, that was true in the pre-Windows 8 era. Have you used Windows recently?
I bought a new laptop, and decided to give Windows a second chance. With Windows 11 installed, there were a ton of things that didn't worked. To me it was not acceptable for a 3000$ laptop. Problems with drivers, blue screens of death, applications what just didn't run properly (and commonly used applications, not something obscure). I never had these problems with Linux.
I mean we talk about Windows that is stable mostly because we use Windows versions after they are out since 5 years and most of the problems were fixed. Good, now companies are finishing the transition to Windows 10, not Windows 11, after staying with Windows 7 for years. After 10 years they will probably move to Windows 11, when most of its bug are fixed.
If you use a rolling-release Linux distro, such as ArchLinux, some problems on new software are expected. It's the equivalent of using an insider build of Windows, with the difference that ArchLinux is mostly usable as a daily OS (it requires some knowledge to solve the problems that inevitably arrive, but I used it for years). If you use let's say Ubuntu LTS, you don't have these kind of problems, and it mostly run without any issue (less issues than Windows for sure).
By the way, maintaining compatibility has a cost: have you ever wandered because a full installation of Ubuntu that is a complete system with all the program that you use, an office suite, driver for all the hardware, multimedia players, etc is less than 5Gb while a fresh install of Windows is minimum 30Gb but I think nowadays even more?
> And then if they broke important apps they roll the change back or find a workaround regardless of whether it's an incompatible change in theory or not, because it is in practice.
Never saw Microsoft do that: whey will simply say that it's not compatible and the software vendor has to update. That is not a problem by the way... OS developer should move along and can't maintain backward compatibility forever.
> The GNU and glibc people believe that they provide a very high level of backwards compatibility.
That is true. It's mostly backward compatible, having a 100% backward compatibility is not possible. Problems are fixed as they are detected.
> What it actually takes is what the commercial OS vendors do (or used to do): have large libraries of important apps that they drive through a mix of automated and manual testing to discover quickly when they broke something.
There is one issue: GNU can't test non-free software for obvious licensing and policy issues (i.e. an association that endorses free software can't buy licenses of proprietary software to test it). So a third party should test it and report problems in case of broken backward compatibility.
Keep in mind that binary compatibility is something that is not fundamental on Linux, since it's assumed that you have the source code of everything and in case you recompile the software. GNU/Linux born as a FOSS operating system, and was never designed to run proprietary software on it. There are edge cases where you need to run a binary for other reasons (you lost the source code, compiling it is complicated or takes a lot of time) but surely are edge cases and not a lot of time should be spent to address them.
Beside that glibc it's only one of the possible libc that you can use on Linux: if you are developing proprietary software in my opinion you should use MUSL libc, it has a MIT license (so you can statically link it into your proprietary binary) and it's 100% POSIX compliant. Surely glibc has more feature, but probably your software doesn't use them.
Another viable option is to distribute your software with one of the new packaging formats that are in reality containers: snap, flatpack, appimage. That allows you to distribute the software along with all the dependencies and don't worry about ABI incompatibility.
I literally run on Windows insider for two my laptops - primary one is on beta channel and auxiliary laptop is on alpha channel. Both running Windows 11 and had 10 running before. Auxiliary one lives on insider for I think 5 years of not 6 and definitely had issues, like Intel wifi stopped working and some other minor ones, but main one, had, I guess 3-4 BSODs over 2 years and around 10 times not waking up from sleep. That's pretty much all of the issues.
For me it's impressive and I cannot complain on stability.
I believe that appimage still contains the glibc compatibility issues. I've read through appimage creation guides which suggest compiling on the oldest distro possible as glibc is forward compatible but not backwards.
I bought a new laptop, and decided to give Windows a second chance. With Windows 11 installed, there were a ton of things that didn't worked. To me it was not acceptable for a 3000$ laptop. Problems with drivers, blue screens of death, applications what just didn't run properly (and commonly used applications, not something obscure). I never had these problems with Linux.
I mean we talk about Windows that is stable mostly because we use Windows versions after they are out since 5 years and most of the problems were fixed. Good, now companies are finishing the transition to Windows 10, not Windows 11, after staying with Windows 7 for years. After 10 years they will probably move to Windows 11, when most of its bug are fixed.
If you use a rolling-release Linux distro, such as ArchLinux, some problems on new software are expected. It's the equivalent of using an insider build of Windows, with the difference that ArchLinux is mostly usable as a daily OS (it requires some knowledge to solve the problems that inevitably arrive, but I used it for years). If you use let's say Ubuntu LTS, you don't have these kind of problems, and it mostly run without any issue (less issues than Windows for sure).
By the way, maintaining compatibility has a cost: have you ever wandered because a full installation of Ubuntu that is a complete system with all the program that you use, an office suite, driver for all the hardware, multimedia players, etc is less than 5Gb while a fresh install of Windows is minimum 30Gb but I think nowadays even more?
> And then if they broke important apps they roll the change back or find a workaround regardless of whether it's an incompatible change in theory or not, because it is in practice.
Never saw Microsoft do that: whey will simply say that it's not compatible and the software vendor has to update. That is not a problem by the way... OS developer should move along and can't maintain backward compatibility forever.
> The GNU and glibc people believe that they provide a very high level of backwards compatibility.
That is true. It's mostly backward compatible, having a 100% backward compatibility is not possible. Problems are fixed as they are detected.
> What it actually takes is what the commercial OS vendors do (or used to do): have large libraries of important apps that they drive through a mix of automated and manual testing to discover quickly when they broke something.
There is one issue: GNU can't test non-free software for obvious licensing and policy issues (i.e. an association that endorses free software can't buy licenses of proprietary software to test it). So a third party should test it and report problems in case of broken backward compatibility.
Keep in mind that binary compatibility is something that is not fundamental on Linux, since it's assumed that you have the source code of everything and in case you recompile the software. GNU/Linux born as a FOSS operating system, and was never designed to run proprietary software on it. There are edge cases where you need to run a binary for other reasons (you lost the source code, compiling it is complicated or takes a lot of time) but surely are edge cases and not a lot of time should be spent to address them.
Beside that glibc it's only one of the possible libc that you can use on Linux: if you are developing proprietary software in my opinion you should use MUSL libc, it has a MIT license (so you can statically link it into your proprietary binary) and it's 100% POSIX compliant. Surely glibc has more feature, but probably your software doesn't use them.
Another viable option is to distribute your software with one of the new packaging formats that are in reality containers: snap, flatpack, appimage. That allows you to distribute the software along with all the dependencies and don't worry about ABI incompatibility.