Python _is_ slow, but even back in 2006 on a pentium 4 I had no problem using it with PyGame to build a smooth 60fps rtype style shooter for a coding challenge.
One just has to not do anything dumb in the render loop and it's plenty responsive.
Of course, if you're going to interactively process a 50mb csv or something... But even then pandas is faster.
Nah that's too general. A lot of website/app backends use Django or Fastapi and they work fine. Many more use PHP, also not a language famed for extreme performance.
It depends on the application. Personally I wouldn't use Python for a GUI (because I'd use JS/TS).
The right tool for the right job.