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It reaches the nucleus by a process of tunneling. You can never completely stop it, but it reacts exponentially to you increasing a barrier.



An excited state isn't a barrier, it's a state with a higher energy than ground state. Several non-ground-state orbitals have a wavefunction whose amplitude drops to zero toward the centre.

An electron won't tunnel to a location where its wavefunction amplitude is zero.


Practical applications, a laser that explodes if you turn it off.




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