Although charge back mechanisms exists for merchant transactions, I don't know of anyone who had got back their money lost through the theft of their card data. I wouldn't be surprised if VISA/MASTER/AMEX don't have such liabilities in India as they do in US/Europe.
I had a conversation with cyber-crime police reg the aforementioned SMS scam using ngrok, They mentioned that many in my city have lost huge sums of money through it and the scam is not just for stealing bank credentials, the attacker's application tries to exploit victim's system and had successfully installed RAT.
Successive Indian Govt. have been at loggerheads with VISA/MASTER duopoly and have successfully derailed it for domestic payments, Now Unified Payments Interface(UPI)[1] which works with payment apps has more transactions than debit/CC. So the domestic criminals have largely switched to UPI/Bank account based scams.
Occasionally some of these criminals get caught and some get their money back.
Chargeback rights and liability of fraud for creditcards are significantly different in different regions even for seemingly identical visa/mastercard cards.
