The most cost-effective way is a combination of over-provisioning, batteries and hydrogen storage. The exact mix is determined by consumption patterns and local wind/solar conditions. Generally though it's extremely expensive to rely on over-provisioning+batteries alone in places with unreliable weather patterns.
Falling battery prices helps of course but we are very far from a point where we can eliminate the need for hydrogen.
Falling battery prices helps of course but we are very far from a point where we can eliminate the need for hydrogen.