I haven't lived in Europe for a while but it used to be common to issue online-only debit cards (VISA Electron, Maestro etc) for this reason, have these fallen out of fashion?

they were common for a bit in the 2000s (mostly with kids), then seemed to go away for a while

they were very easy to spot as they didn't have the raised digits (for the imprinting machine... old fashioned offline transaction)

now they're coming back again, but still not super common