>- Property prices have shot up 10% during the pandemic, bolstered in part by the Government cutting stamp duty on sales.
Something that is hard to understand is how taxes influence the price of homes and land. People have a fixed budget. The rule of thumb is that they will spend at most 30% of their income on housing. Popular cities usually have an inrush of educated people getting high paying jobs. The existing residents see their % rise beyond 30% as a result but the rule of thumb still applies.
When you have a fixed budget then adding more taxes won't lead to spending more, it means the government siphons money off the purchase of the home. That money cannot be used to purchase homes. When people talk about how taxes make housing expensive they are dead wrong.
Taxation does not change your budget. When the government drops taxes on housing what happens is that a bigger chunk of the budget is being used for actually purchasing housing rather than paying taxes. This means house prices will rise and you will not be better or worse off than before. However, the rise in home prices fuels speculation. People buy houses expecting that they go up. The reduction in taxes created a gap and speculators simply insert themselves in that gap and take their profits.
The problem isn't the speculation in itself but rather the expectation that housing will always go up. It's not only investors that want to make money. Homeowners see an opportunity to create a big gap by voting for restrictive zoning or making new construction a legal minefield. The real problems begin when even grandma and her dog are speculating.
If property taxes were raised to 100% annually of the cost of the home, the price of the house would instantly drop to somewhere near the annual rent cost. "Buying" the house would end up being close to a security deposit. It goes without saying though, that 100% annually is not a good number. It would disincentivize building, which is something we really need right now.
The right number is a Land Value Tax such that the cost of the property equals the cost of the building. So if you have two properties, one in downtown SF, and one in the middle of Montana, and each are the exact same house, but the Montana house sells for $200k and the SF house sells for $1M, really it's the land in SF selling for $800k. So that SF market price should move to $200k. To do so we need to tax the property at increasing rates(per sqft of land) until they match. When we tax enough, the new price will reach its improvement value.
In the short term this will have devastating effects on the Net Worth of individuals who took out loans or otherwise bet their income on owning a home, so I advocate for a one time tax break(that for exceptional cases like the elderly would be transferable for straight cash upon sale of the property) equivalent to the drop in market value of the home. So in the SF case, they would get a $800k tax credit.
Once this system is in place being a NIMBY will no longer be a profitable stance, and will instead cost that area money in taxes. As it will no longer be a perverse incentive, the population will mostly switch to becoming YIMBY's, and advocate for better Zoning rules and to ease up on silly restrictions. The tax money can be spent on high value improvements to the area that will boost everyone's quality of life, and if none are found, can be simply given back equally to all.
Once this system in place and the tax credits have been used up, we can even go further and get rid of income taxes, sales taxes, corporate taxes, and capital gains taxes. The value of the land tax will be enough to replace all of them. All from a tax that because land is at a fixed supply, is completely non-distortionary and results in no dead weight loss.
Housing can either be an investment or affordable long-term, it can not be both.
Something that is hard to understand is how taxes influence the price of homes and land. People have a fixed budget. The rule of thumb is that they will spend at most 30% of their income on housing. Popular cities usually have an inrush of educated people getting high paying jobs. The existing residents see their % rise beyond 30% as a result but the rule of thumb still applies.
When you have a fixed budget then adding more taxes won't lead to spending more, it means the government siphons money off the purchase of the home. That money cannot be used to purchase homes. When people talk about how taxes make housing expensive they are dead wrong. Taxation does not change your budget. When the government drops taxes on housing what happens is that a bigger chunk of the budget is being used for actually purchasing housing rather than paying taxes. This means house prices will rise and you will not be better or worse off than before. However, the rise in home prices fuels speculation. People buy houses expecting that they go up. The reduction in taxes created a gap and speculators simply insert themselves in that gap and take their profits.
The problem isn't the speculation in itself but rather the expectation that housing will always go up. It's not only investors that want to make money. Homeowners see an opportunity to create a big gap by voting for restrictive zoning or making new construction a legal minefield. The real problems begin when even grandma and her dog are speculating.