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Tough question!

TMS is fairly common tool for neuroscience research and its effects depend on where, when, and how it is applied, as well as the quirks of each person’s own anatomy. This paper has a table of some studies reporting “beneficial” effects, mostly on perception and memory: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4083569/ There are many more studies showing that TMS (transiently) impairs performance too.

We don’t totally understand how it works—-or what’s normally required for many of these behaviors—-so it’s hard to give a grand unified theory of how it acts, but it definitely does something to brain circuits. That said, the FDA approved TMS treatments for depression and a few other indications, and it’s also used as a tool for neurosurgical planning.




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