The biggest reason was that the Apollo program was able to return film from the surface of the Moon to Earth. Many of these photos weren't returned to Earth in film form. Instead they were developed onboard the spacecraft, scanned, transmitted via radio, and then recorded onto tape on the ground. Every step of that process incurs a decent bit of quality loss.
You can actually tell which probes had a reentry module because the photo quality is pretty stunning compared to the photos transmitted over radio, look at Zond 8 which returned film negatives to Earth.
While I greatly dislike the nationalistic undertones in your comment, you are – unlike what some responses claim – not wrong in that the video cameras for the Apollo 11 mission [1] were indeed American and made by Westinghouse [2] and lenses by Fairchild [3]. Not sure how much I would argue that it was “consumer technology” though, at least not at the time.
As for the more famous non-video cameras, they were indeed made by Hasselblad [4] (Sweden) and the lenses by Zeiss [5] (West German). I am of course acutely aware of the latter as I shoot Zeiss lenses and prefer their aesthetics to pretty much anything else I have tried, although these days a chunk of them are made by Cosina [6] (Japan). If you want to dig deeper, I liked Hasselblad’s official homepage on the matter [7].
You can actually tell which probes had a reentry module because the photo quality is pretty stunning compared to the photos transmitted over radio, look at Zond 8 which returned film negatives to Earth.