"Office 365’s UI, a lot of it, but definitely not all of it, are pieces that are built using React Native (Windows). API’s and Services are still going to be powered by C++, C#, or whatever is the most appropriate for that team. Nothing is converting to “all/completely” JavaScript/TypeScript."
To me, this confirms that at least the UI is React. Anecdotally, it feels very "web" as I use it daily. Sluggish, missing paint cycles when switching between apps, and the typical main thread freezes.
I'll let you decide if this is convincing enough evidence :)
Specifically, React Native for Windows. https://github.com/Microsoft/react-native-windows
For things like background services, they still use C/C++.