You would think there would be traditional solutions for that, why not a put a cart full of dark stones in the sun during the day and then roll it inside in the cold of night? Modern variations on that theme could store thermal energy in plenty of equally-simple ways.
There are all sorts of things that are technically possible but the materials handling requirements do not make them cheap/efficient enough to do practically without electricity. See aluminum ore processing for example.
A house may be "a machine for living in" but the scale of the solutions needed aren't as serious as industrial processes like mining surely? I haven't lived in a structure using them, but there are Phase Change[1] insulations out there, for example.
You want to maximize how much the house cools at night to minimize daytime temperature. Then to maintain a comfortable temperature just add thermal mass.
