I'm not sure what you are not clear on here. If someone says I quit/resign then they quit period, they were not fired. The two weeks period is just to prevent unemployment fraud.
So if you say I will find another job if the company doesn’t take action like... pay me more, agree to union terms, stop my manager from harassing me, or stop what I think is an unethical abuse of the public... then I am defacto quitting?
In that case how can an employee have a negotiation with a company at all? The power to refuse working is literally the only power the employee has at the negotiation.