When I developed the application for my talk on non-Java development for Android [1], I found that Scala performed as quickly as plain Java. However, it does use a bit more heap.
That paper explains that the Scala engineer performed numerous algorithmic improvements, whereas the Java one "refused" to (he reported somewhere else, on a mailing list? that he wasn't told it was for a paper). The paper also explains that using Scala idiomatic for-comprehensions produced very slow results.
[citation required]