https://send.bitwarden.com/#j_2g_Uin5kuwZazpASDD2w/vhzdAzIS3...
https://send.bitwarden.com/#VGacXlwPhUSVHKzpASEAyg/VrzFu9aUf...
So, it looks like it's pretty simple.
After the # you have two separate things, separated by /
One is an identifier, the other is likely an encoded key (that may or may not depend on a separate password, if specified).
Just a guess, I assume this is documented somewhere