No. A sighted user can perceive the placement of the icon within its context, e.g. a checked circle within a row in a table, and deduce that it represents confirmation of whatever information the column of the table represents in the context of the row. This information is not available to a screen reader user unless the visually hidden text makes it explicitly available to them.

By the way, your comment shows an ableist bias: an analogous assumption would be that a person who cannot walk is content because they are used to a wheelchair.