A carbon price wouldn't damage Bitcoin. Electricity costs for some miners would go up, some would drop out, hash rate goes down, difficulty adjusts to keep blocks coming out every ten minutes, and everything continues as before.
(Still think proof-of-stake is big improvement though.)
Wouldn't the bulk of mining just move to the one part of the world without a carbon tax? I know that's a danger with carbon taxes in general, but it strikes me as far easier to do with Bitcoin than anything else.
Yes, it'd probably need to be some kind of global system to prevent that. Countries doing their own carbon taxes normally add carbon tariffs to imports, but of course that wouldn't help for bitcoin.
(Still think proof-of-stake is big improvement though.)