Nope, no useithreads in either of them. We haven't build a threaded perl in ages.
The noted speed improvement is for a hefty Catalyst + DBIC + Moose app. Also seen similar performance improvements in a smaller Dancer app we have. Maybe it's related to the BUFSIZ changes.
Have you checked if both your old and the new perl have the same threading settings?
I expected some performance improvements from the upgrade, but I found 20% to be pretty surprising -- still I won't complain :-)