I briefly worked at a place fully dominated by Bellheads early in my career. They were bemoaning IP and holding on to ATM stuff as late as 2001. I'm told that the last of their tribe (after I left) fought off VoIP as a passing fad well into the 2000s.
Hard to believe this was nearly a quarter century ago. T he references are getting dated:
> "How do you scare a Bellhead?" he begins. "First, show them something like RealAudio or IPhone. Then tell them that right now performance is bandwidth-limited, but that additional infrastructure is being deployed."
> …
> One result is undergrads who, for $29.95 a month, clog up the Internet with CU-SeeMe sessions.
The apparently out of place reference to the iPhone in this article from 1996 is actually referring to the IPhone, one of the first internet appliances.
No, it won because it could be carried over all other protocols. It had a simple design and real world use cases too, which helped. A classic example of "worse is better".
Depends what you're looking at, on mobile it absolutely is. Not sure what the situation around the world is but in the US pretty much all LTE connectivity is via v6. T-Mobile at least doesn't even dual stack, if you need to go somewhere that's v4 only they do NAT64
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Wars