There are thermal battery suppliers out there (a quick search turned up Sunamp, one I hadn't heard of before) that can be part of that kind of system. Geothermal heat exchangers as floatrock mentioned are probably the cheapest general version that use the ground as a thermal battery but don't typically have interlinked systems - and they're much more than a typical air-cooled system.
The show This Old House showed an interesting system a few years ago at [1] that used liquid loop HVAC components and thermal batteries as a tech demonstrator. There's also systems in newer high rises that have linked loops such that the hot side of the building (sun-facing) can pre-heat the heat pumps of the cold-side (shaded) portion of the building. These rely on advanced systems that don't tend to be deployed in homes (utilizing newer building management systems and newer HVAC like variable refrigerant flow to get the best efficiency).
Ultimately, things like this are expensive and uncommon so require per-site design that very few can justify because the payoff period is pretty long as you have the one-off cost of the thermal battery and often higher maintenance costs because you need someone who understands the system.
The show This Old House showed an interesting system a few years ago at [1] that used liquid loop HVAC components and thermal batteries as a tech demonstrator. There's also systems in newer high rises that have linked loops such that the hot side of the building (sun-facing) can pre-heat the heat pumps of the cold-side (shaded) portion of the building. These rely on advanced systems that don't tend to be deployed in homes (utilizing newer building management systems and newer HVAC like variable refrigerant flow to get the best efficiency).
Ultimately, things like this are expensive and uncommon so require per-site design that very few can justify because the payoff period is pretty long as you have the one-off cost of the thermal battery and often higher maintenance costs because you need someone who understands the system.
[1]: https://www.thisoldhouse.com/ask-this-old-house/21016105/fut...