I use both macOS and Windows, and text looks fine to me in both, and I know I am sensitive to this because I got crazy trying to get it working a few years ago in Linux and once fighting with ClearType. But in Windows 10 out of the box, never had an issue.
The problem you describe is probably old applications which haven’t been properly updated to support hi-res. If they do custom drawing or controls or frameworks, Windows cannot do anything to fix it.
ClearType is strange. I've gotten used to the way that my Linux system renders text, which is part of the reason why I like it so much. Using small fonts on macOS is always super blurry, while small fonts on Windows look like bitmap fonts and have clear subpixel hinting artifacts. On a HiDPI screen, they all look pretty similar.
The problem you describe is probably old applications which haven’t been properly updated to support hi-res. If they do custom drawing or controls or frameworks, Windows cannot do anything to fix it.