Anecdotal, but having the same in early 30s. Was diagnosed with ADHD, low-dose long-form Adderall has basically reversed my symptoms, which from my understanding involves dopamine or dopamine receptors. Sleeping better and exercise are both also good boosts.
Check your blood sugar and blood pressure. That is what got me, for a long time I had a lot of brain fog and just was operating at around 50% which was enough to get me by but once those issues were resolved I feel fine now.
They studied motivation & effort in rats, essentially asking the question:
"What makes you work hard for a big (but delayed) reward, when you could just take the easy (but smaller) reward?"
I think of my current state as, always seeking the easy reward. I utterly lack the motivation, energy, and focus, to pursue prolonged difficult tasks (like good programming takes).
When you think about it, we (humans) face this question every day. Why do you get up, and work on hard problems, when you could just sit and watch YouTube? There's got to be something motivating you to sit down, and do the work.
What they found in the study is that if they blocked D1 and D2 receptors, the rats stopped working for the big reward. They would just sit there, and take the small reward. Or, they'd do nothing at all. They became lazy, unmotivated, blobs.
If they supplemented with D-Amphetamine they were able to reverse the effect. Thereby demonstrating, that it's actually the failure to activate D1 and D2 receptors that causes rats to give up on hard work. DOPAMINE is responsible for activating these receptors, and it's these receptors that give you the "OOMF" to get up, and get shit done.
Historically dopamine is seen as the "reward" but that's not really the case. Dopamine is the fuel. It's the catalyst. It's the "mental energy" that gets you off your ass.
So my theory is that, in myself, something is either blocking D1 and D2 receptors... or I've "used up" my dopamine reserves in the brain my continually slamming them with YouTube, gaming, and general computer use. My brain now looks for this high everywhere. Reading a book stands no chance, as it doesn't release anywhere near the dopamine of clicking through YouTube or playing video games.
My baseline is fucked, essentially. So, I am going to begin the hard work of reseting this baseline... No YouTube, no Games. Will report back in a few months.
That seems to make sense and seems to be happening to a lot of us. I think the dopamine-being-reward hypothesis has been proven to be an oversimplification[1]:
"Dopamine was originally thought of as critical in the pleasure" systems of the brain. It was thought that dopamine makes you feel enjoyment and pleasure, thereby motivating you to seek out certain behaviors, such as food, sex, and drugs. But then research began to show that dopamine is also critical in causing seeking behavior. Dopamine causes you to want, desire, seek out, and search. It increases your general level of arousal and your goal-directed behavior. Dopamine makes you curious about ideas and fuels your searching for information."
I've also noticed that if I try listening to music and my brain is being very picky with my playlist, then I know that the day will probably be filled with apathy and anhedonia.[2]
How much do you think the instant gratification society that we're living in plays a role in this behavior? The internet has made food, sex, goods, etc so easy to get, which may cause issues with dopamine management that our ancestors didn't have.
> How much do you think the instant gratification society that we're living in plays a role in this behavior?
Yea, my theory is that for some people (like myself), the instant-gratification society has been terrible for mental health. I have effectively retrained my brain to be stimulated by only exciting + novel things. Things that illicit huge dopamine releases due to their nature being inherently novel/new.
Take YouTube as an example. Pull down on the page, and it's like a slot machine. Page loads a whole new grid of fresh - potentially click worthy - videos!
The eyes/brain scan the page looking for a hit. BINGO you see a video that catches your interest. Click. Ahh, satisfying transition instantly to the video. Boring? Click back at the home page, and start the slot machine again. Rinse, repeat.
That cycle of chance (load the grid) --> seek (search the grid visually) --> instant reward (click the video) is what's so dangerous. Takes almost no mental, or physical effort, to carry out this cycle.
IMO, it's exploiting a very primitive system:
chance (randomness) --> stimulates effort --> get reward.
You will naturally tend toward systems that minimize effort, and maximize reward. Everything else will feel like a giant burden, or will lack a stimulating effect entirely.
You can see this same cycle in things like Facebook, Instagram, Google News, or any video game. Minimal effort required, to capture your attention (effectively blasting dopamine).
Sometimes the internet is so small. I’ve had a bad time lately with my attention span, some depression, etc. I looked around and found the same theory. This has legs since I game a lot, sit at a pc a lot, and browse the web constantly.
In an effort (prayer) to help fix it, I am selling my iPhone 11 Pro for a SE. I am selling my PC and iPad for a small laptop. I am also purchase 2-3 books that look interesting and plan to try reading those.
My goal is to slow down my brains access to dopamine for a time and see where that leaves me.
I'm starting to form a theory that it could be dopamine depletion. [1]
[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791340/