Unix pipes are just unnamed FIFOs, that's it. You are free to implement "OSX Services" in linux if you want, and you could use unnamed FIFOs in your implementation, but they are unrelated concepts. You could also implement the idea with any other form of IPC, it hardly matters.

Furthermore, Linux doesn't have them because, unlike pipes, this isn't a feature that should be provided by kernels. If you wanted to add them to Gnome or KDE, I'm sure you could with minimal trouble.