In the 19th and early 20th centuries the US suffered epidemics of cholera, typhus, yellow fever, bubonic plague, and probably others. Forced quarantines and lock downs were imposed, litigated, and found acceptable, at least when imposed by states or cities.
Generally, the fall under the state's police powers and the 10th Amendment. They have to be targeted at serving a legitimate state interest (stopping the spread of disease certainly qualifies), not be arbitrary, not have some equally effective alternative that doesn't burden civil rights, etc.
Generally, the fall under the state's police powers and the 10th Amendment. They have to be targeted at serving a legitimate state interest (stopping the spread of disease certainly qualifies), not be arbitrary, not have some equally effective alternative that doesn't burden civil rights, etc.