Is it just me, or does the illusion change a little? Instead of the step, it almost seems like the yellow and blue rectangles are expanding and contracting at alternating times. (hmm, only when I don't focus on the rectangles, but somewhere else on the page)
That's really fascinating. Multiples of 20 give the stepping effect, while the other offsets of 10 grow and shrink. Stuff in between do a strange shrink and stop and grow. I thought 20 looked the best though.
I always loved making web remakes of common GIF illusions [0] where you can mess with variables and see what impact it has. This is a perfect example of that.
This makes some sense: to maximize the illusion, both leading and tailing edges of the bus should be going through the light and dark strips at the same time.
I reversed the direction, changed the scale and the colors and got a moonwalk-like motion instead. Change the colors back to #ff0 and #00f to see what difference they make!
The oscillating look might mainly be an effect of the small scale.
The black and white lines in the background are only 1px wide and after moving one pixel, the busses touch a black bar either at the left or the right.
If you want to play with it you can interactively with some javascript here. Holding the mouse down removes the vertical striping. You can also edit the code.
If I unfocus my eyes and look at only one of the buses, I can see that it is moving at a constant rate across the stripes. But the moment I try to look at both, the illusion takes over. I can sort of get half the illusion by focusing my attention on one of the buses, but still 'noticing' the movement of the other: in that case I will see the bus I am paying attention to move at a constant rate and the other bus move in a stepping motion.
When I focused my eyes somewhere away from the screen and I tried to observe the buses from my peripheral vision, I saw them move together at the same time. But at some point my brain caught up and they did the stepping thing again, even in my peripheral. Such an interesting illusion!
To me, the colored rectangles appear to be moving at the same speed, but with an alternating intermittent forward motion. The yellow rectangle will jerk forward, then the blue, then the yellow, and so on across the field.
>This special illusion shows how the background of the object or the object around it has a significant effect on the perceived speed of the object
Does it imply that if I drive a brighter color car, it will appear that I am driving faster? (when compared to a darker color car traveling at the same speed)
I think that this illusion is based on low-contrast change when brighter bus moves in to a brighter stripe (and vice versa). Your eye can’t tell yellow from white as much as it can tell blue from white. If you’re driving on a non-striped road that doesn’t work.
But I’ve read that if you look at a darker car moving at you, you’ll perceive it is a little less threat than e.g. red or neon-colored one, because dark contours “grow” slower. (Similar thing, but can also be a stereotype bs, learned lots of these before debunking via internet era came)
McCollough originally reported that these aftereffects may last for an hour or more.[1] However, Jones and Holding (1975) found that 15 minutes of induction, when time-elapse testing is employed, can lead to an effect lasting up to 2.8 months.[2]
The stepping illusion was created today using just 140 characters of JavaScript, see the illusion animation here with interactive source code: https://www.dwitter.net/d/17527
