Archaeology deals with facts, but they are usually thin, and specific, and extrapolated in sweeping ways to fill in the gaps.
It's a little like trying to raytrace a scene, except for most of the pixels on the screen, you're not casting any rays at all, and a bare few have many samples.
Yes, that's what I was referring to - archeology and things like deciphering ancient languages, which can can help to read discovered documents.
There aren't many archeological sites to be discovered (or so it seems) so historians work with existing artefacts over and over.