Not exactly, because sometimes there's refactoring which has 0 customer benefit. Sometimes it doesn't improve the UX/latency/etc. Sometimes it just makes the codebase easier to maintain, the point of what the OP is saying is that this work is hard to justify. If you spend an entire year making a codebase "easier to maintain" but don't deliver anything tangible that is all defensive work and not offensive work and there's no reclassification which can solve that.