Charles IV. provided Bohemia with multi-hundred year long significant power over the HRE and sovereignty in everything but name inside the HRE, while making Bohemia a large and major power (but we're not expandish anymore today, so that "large" part is usually not even commonly known). That is the major reason why we universally think of him as "The Father of the homeland" (Otec vlasti) in the Czech Republic.

Then the Habsburgs gradually took that away from us and that made us angry in a poetic way in the 1770's, which has caused the Czech National Revival and has formed all of contemporary Czech culture.