That regulation favors hospital groups and reinforces their monopolies. Independent physicians who can't deal with the regulations sell out to big hospital groups, who then, enabled by their greater control of physician supply, squeeze insurance companies, who then in turn must squeeze the remaining independent physicians who can't fight back, who then give up and sell to hospitals

I think in some ways the ACA empowered monopolies by enabling them to further consolidate physician supply in the guise of integrating data for "population health"