No dude, Apple has an excellent track record for privacy of customer data. They don't share anything with anyone else, intentionally. It's a walled-in garden. They have always, and continue to, view themselves as a hardware company. They make money on hardware sales. I mean look at their margins. Any such activity, if called out, may lower their hardware sales.
Apple is making it easier to use SMS 2FA in iOS 12 (automated copy paste)
However Apple itself doesn’t use SMS for 2FA.
As for Apple they had your phone number since the launch of the iPhone (!). Never needed 2FA to know it.
And no, Apple isn’t selling your phone number.