I hadn't even heard of them before now. Mixed-Integer Programming Solvers is what I found looking up the term. What are the best free ones to check out? And anyone got good tutorials w/ examples? I'll start keeping an eye out for CompSci work on them if they're really useful.
We use SCIP in our system and it’s brilliant. They have proper python bindings so the call overhead is low. We reduced what was previously a complex hand optimised algorithm to a handful of equations a weight function. Highly recommended.
I recommend learning linear programming first. It's simple and useful, and makes it easier to understand quadratic programming, convex optimization, etc.