During the days of officially/semi-officially-sanctioned racial discrimination in the US, it didn't really matter whether you were a dark-skinned person who was born in the US, or a dark-skinned person born in the Caribbean who immigrated here, or a dark-skinned person born in Africa who immigrated here. The only thing that system cared about was your perceived race, defined primarily by your skin color, and so every dark-skinned person got subjected to discrimination.
With recent immigrants today you can see some differences, but it's not due to immigrants having different "culture"; it's due to the historical baggage of the long, long period of discrimination suffered by folks who were already here. The immigrant probably has the benefit, for example, of an extended family that worked hard to save up and send someone to the US and provide advice and support and broker connections; the US-born dark-skinned person has had their extended family deliberately broken up, and subjected to policies that prevent intergenerational accumulation of wealth or other resources. And that's not the only sort of head start the immigrant gets, which means it should be totally unsurprising if we now see better outcomes on average for recent immigrants.
And now all the assumptions and stereotypes based on perceived race are being used as training data for "objective" ML/AI systems whose creators promise they're free of prejudice...
Are we not trying to determine if these systems are picking up a signal due to race or one due to culture? The only way to do this is look at people who share the same race, but have a different culture?
The historical baggage you describe is culture. We are all shaped by our history and our families history.
During the days of officially/semi-officially-sanctioned racial discrimination in the US, it didn't really matter whether you were a dark-skinned person who was born in the US, or a dark-skinned person born in the Caribbean who immigrated here, or a dark-skinned person born in Africa who immigrated here. The only thing that system cared about was your perceived race, defined primarily by your skin color, and so every dark-skinned person got subjected to discrimination.
With recent immigrants today you can see some differences, but it's not due to immigrants having different "culture"; it's due to the historical baggage of the long, long period of discrimination suffered by folks who were already here. The immigrant probably has the benefit, for example, of an extended family that worked hard to save up and send someone to the US and provide advice and support and broker connections; the US-born dark-skinned person has had their extended family deliberately broken up, and subjected to policies that prevent intergenerational accumulation of wealth or other resources. And that's not the only sort of head start the immigrant gets, which means it should be totally unsurprising if we now see better outcomes on average for recent immigrants.
And now all the assumptions and stereotypes based on perceived race are being used as training data for "objective" ML/AI systems whose creators promise they're free of prejudice...