Very interesting. There was one other scholarly work in this general area — but that was comparatively much more recent: Roger Ekirch’s “At Day’s Close” [1], which is very well-researched and covers pre-artificial-light Europe.
I've wondered how particulate pollution affects this, also. Discussions on this topic always seem to always focus on light pollution, but anyone taking a flight can see a haze just about anywhere from pollution. I'd imagine it diffuses incoming light from extraterrestrial sources and it reflects light pollution, for a double-whammy.
As I optimize my daily life, I find myself needing less sleep, and with more time to kill at night. I'm starting to get very familiar with the brightness control features of all my devices, as it's physically painful now to look at too much light at night.
But I can now go to bed at ten or so and wake up at three, and so long as I avoid light sources I can get a lot done. I just wish my fridge had a night mode.
I'm curious about what optimizations you are making that reduce your need for sleep (as someone with lots of things they want to do and not enough time in the day to do them all). If you wouldn't mind briefly sharing I'd be much obliged.
They mostly revolve around turning things of my life that you ordinarily would handle as one-offs, as structured, routine tasks. This reduces my daily cognitive load, allowing me to spend ever more time with my default mode network activated instead of in focus state.
So if I'm ever in a situation where I'm not really quite sure what to do, I come up with a rule and do it that way the next time.
I've been optimizing this process for perhaps a year after I got interested in it. Everything in my apartment has a history and a little set of rules. I keep a spray bottle of daily shower cleaner in my bathroom. It lives on the ledge of the sink when I'm not using the sink and moves to the lid of the toilet when I am. I don't feel comfortable yet putting it away because I think if I do that I'll forget to use it after I take a shower. Maybe in another year.
Having to remember to do stuff sucks. I always make a visual reminder. A few times I forgot to put washed clothes in the dryer. Now when I'm washing clothes the hamper gets put in the way of the door so I can't miss it.
Nothing stays in mind, so it's free to imagine and wander. I do this at work too, every task gets routinized. Very rarely am I caught off guard with not knowing how to do something.
About a year in I noticed myself naturally waking up earlier. It helps that I don't set an alarm clock anymore. But I'm routinely the first one on my team into the office anyway.
I live alone, and I've often wondered how my lifestyle would alter if I had to live with somebody. Well, the few times I've had someone over regularly, my routine adapted to accommodate them, I was surprised how easy it was. If things got out of place, I'd just return them to their place when I noticed. The little routines have accumulated their own inertia.
The most fascinating thing about it is, even though I feel like I'm doing a lot less, in reality a lot more gets done than otherwise would be. Routinizing something makes it ten times easier and take ten times less time to accomplish. It's so worth doing that before I even get started I look for ways to optimize.
I think this is how primitive peoples must've lived all the time. Tons of stuff that needed to be done, day in, day out, over and over again. Optimize, optimize, optimize.
Thanks for your detailed reply! I have been attempting to incorporate more routine in my life, but I hadn't considered the why, really. The concept of reducing cognitive load makes sense, and I agree that "having to remember to do stuff sucks" 100%.
As I recall from the 1980s sitcom Night Court, there are night judges (though I have no idea if that is a real thing, I doubt my town has night judges).
The common thread here that both shows are both (a) funny, and (b) portray defense lawyers as more-or-less good guys. (My father worked for the Attorney General's department).
I can't think of a law procedural from the last two and a half decades that has either of those features. Why is that?
I've never understood why this topic is being studied primarily through archaeology. There are plenty of humans alive today that live far from much artificial light and could tell you exactly what their life is like right now, what they did last night. Shouldn't have to be so hard / so mysterious
Partially because the humans alive today don't have the same culture as the humans in the past. I'd imagine that a comparison between lit+unlit living today would fall under the umbrella of sociology.
How are you going to contact people who live far from artificial light? Typically that's concomitant with not having electricity needed for internet communications, as that typically prevents powered cell phone internet communication as well.
You could fly then drive there, but the costs are going to add up quickly. You're going to have to find them, get someone to communicate with them, and have liabilities covered. This quickly becomes very expensive with even just a few people.
It's funny, just came back from a trip into the American South West. Stayed at a cabin in the middle of nowhere on a 500 acre ranch surrounded by only the wilderness and other giant ranches...on a new moon.
I've never seen so many stars in my life, even in places I thought of as raw wilderness and I've spent quite a bit of time camping in national parks and so on.
Those places seemed like light filled cities in comparison. It was about a 4 hour drive from the nearest major population center.
I suspect there's plenty of these places still left even in relatively developed areas.
Yeah it might add up to a few thousand dollars. Maybe 10. Oh and a week or three of time. No need to send a sizable team of people. I'm being a little flippant but really - it's not an insurmountable expense. Contrast that with how much time and effort tracking down obscure sources across all of western pre-industrial history?
Longer answer: the Americas weren't peopled until perhaps 15-20kya (exact date is a matter of some contention). In the intervening time, there's a lot of inventions that happen (such as, say, the bow-and-arrow), which can have severe collateral effects, even for more distant populations. On top of that, there was a massive shift resulting from the European arrival in the New World, which starts by depopulating much of the continent, reducing the population by as much as 90%.
To give an example of how striking the difference can be: by giving guns to some Indians in New York, we turned other Indian farmers in Illinois into the archetypal Indians from westerns living in the Dakotas.
For a people to be living the same way for thousands of years requires them to pretty much be in complete isolation. Even the remaining uncontacted peoples are probably insufficiently isolated for that.
[1] https://www.amazon.com/At-Days-Close-Night-Times/dp/03933290...