This usually happens to me when I do a reset password flow for a login that was previously not in 1Password. 1Password then saves the password, but not the login. It also happens sometimes when the password entry is on a different page from the login entry field. A third scenario that sometimes occurs is when a website mangled what was put into the login form before field submit (this usually only happens with ISP provided routers, but have seen other cases).
I just discovered today, looking through 1Password's "weak passwords" section, that 7 years ago I recorded a password for one "Optumhealthbank", and the recorded password was
****
My best guess is they used JavaScript to replace the contents of the text field before submission. Thankfully I've apparently never needed to use this password.
That said, out of 1000+ saved passwords, this is the only case like that I've seen.
Yeah, I think I could count the number of times that one has happened on one hand in the past decade, but it definitely has happened enough I remember it.