Wow exactly the situation in india! We’ve had 2FA, mobile alerts, etc. ever since the dawn of the Internet banking in late 90s. Wasn’t so in the US even as recently as 2010.
But in other respects things are stuck in the past in India too, like your account being tightly coupled to a particular branch of the bank, and many commercial establishments charging extra for card transactions.
I have banked with five different banks (private and public) and have never had to face the tight coupling with a particular branch that you talk about?
Indian banking system is actually a joy to use compared to the first world systems that I have seen.
The charges still exist even if the end user doesn’t pay them. If you don’t then the shop/restaurant has decided to pay the fees (depending on country this can be mandated by law or just a custom to do it one way or the other)