Having to think about types sometimes slows you down (because you have to think about them), sometimes speeds you up (for the reasons you mention).
Sometimes the type system won't type check a perfectly valid program. One thing that I bump into with nearly every program I write in C# or F# is that I want to add a method to a generic type when the type supports some method. Suppose you have a type Bag<T>. Now if T supports an interface IValue with method ComputeValue() I want to add a ComputeValue method to Bag<T> that computes the sum of the values of the things in the Bag. Of course the method would only be available when T supports IValue. This can be done in languages with more expressive type systems, but there are (provably) other perfectly valid programs that they will reject.
Another reason against statically typed languages is that the compilers are often slow. Compile+Run takes several seconds (if you're lucky).
Compiling in a language with static typing is a lot faster than running (not to mention writing!) unit tests to achieve 100% path coverage in a language without static typing.
It's also fast enough that I stopped caring years ago. Don't get me wrong, Eclipse is agonizing when it locks up while "helping" me, but it's not due to compiling (it happens just as often when I haven't made any changes).
Sometimes the type system won't type check a perfectly valid program. One thing that I bump into with nearly every program I write in C# or F# is that I want to add a method to a generic type when the type supports some method. Suppose you have a type Bag<T>. Now if T supports an interface IValue with method ComputeValue() I want to add a ComputeValue method to Bag<T> that computes the sum of the values of the things in the Bag. Of course the method would only be available when T supports IValue. This can be done in languages with more expressive type systems, but there are (provably) other perfectly valid programs that they will reject.
Another reason against statically typed languages is that the compilers are often slow. Compile+Run takes several seconds (if you're lucky).