NVIDIA bought Transmeta; Transmeta basically proved (by being sued into insolvency) that they couldn't compete on (up to date, still under patent) x86 with hardware or whole-system software DBT for licensing reasons. NVIDIA's K1/Denver products are very similar to Transmeta architectures still, but for ARMv8 instead of x86(or, more interesting, AMD64), and in this case they have an architectural license.

What Qualcomm is doing is different. Qualcomm is doing software-only Dynamic Binary Translation, and they're doing it on a per-application basis (similar to the Mac 68K emulator, Rosetta, WOW64, or QEMU user mode).