It looks similar, but if it's the same thing, it's a regression. I've only noticed the bug on my work computer this year.

It's hard to say exactly what it is, because as you can see, MS publicly denies any problem (despite a lot of people reporting it) and technical information is really hard to find.

All that I know is that I still can't access all the programs on the computer by the start menu. (Not a big issue, the menu is so messy that I prefer to navigate the program files in explorer anyway.)

I'm still not entirely clear on the issue but I suspect it might be older Applications that do not adhere to Microsoft guidelines for registering Applications in the Start Menu. Once upon a time you could just dump shortcuts into a specific location and you'd have Start Menu shortcuts. While that worked up through Windows 8ish, Microsoft guidelines have said not to do that since XP. In Windows 10 they removed support for that location.

Since XP they've also been telling developers to register their uninstall executable with the "Programs and Features" Control Panel Program. However even new apps (i.e. Node.JS) still drop Uninstall Shortcuts in the Start Menu.

Since Windows 8 they have recommended that developer keep configuration out of the Control Panel but Adobe, Intel, Synaptics, Lenovo, and countless others still register Control Panel programs. Microsoft has been gradually migrating old Control Panel Programs to the Modern Settings App. Once they're done they will no doubt remove the Control Panel and all of these Vendors will have broken software.

The problem is that Software vendors ignore Microsoft guidelines and now Microsoft is trying to fix the issues with Windows that have accumulated over the last 30 years and these failures to follow guidelines are starting to become apparent.