That's thanks to the BT/OpenReach split in the 90s forcing small ISPs to compete on service & cost (because they all have the same guaranteed cost to access the infrastructure).
Plus y'know you can blow fibre to 90% of the population in a reasonable amount of time.
Except it's not - for 200/20 at those prices the GP must be talking about a Virgin Media line, and they run their own cables. The increased competition between providers probably contributes to driving down prices to just above the point of profitability, but its not responsible for the infrastructure in this case.
I think the common base-level infrastructure helped drive ISPs to compete on service & feature + meant they can use their funds to implement those features.
Plus y'know you can blow fibre to 90% of the population in a reasonable amount of time.