Long answer, the input you are thinking of (particle interactions) is already what partly defines the theory you are trying to uncover. So you have a serious chicken-egg situation.
You could think about inputting the data that comes out of particle detectors to look for patterns etc. and that sort of thing is being done already. However there is a difference between finding existing patterns and then figuring out the underlying theory which is the mathematical construct that lets you predict things.
Finally, even if you could have a "black box" predict stuff (correctly), the black box-ness is a serious problem for scientists from a meta-science or philosophy of science point of view, and people would be highly unsatisfied until they actually understood what was going on.
Long answer, the input you are thinking of (particle interactions) is already what partly defines the theory you are trying to uncover. So you have a serious chicken-egg situation.
You could think about inputting the data that comes out of particle detectors to look for patterns etc. and that sort of thing is being done already. However there is a difference between finding existing patterns and then figuring out the underlying theory which is the mathematical construct that lets you predict things.
Finally, even if you could have a "black box" predict stuff (correctly), the black box-ness is a serious problem for scientists from a meta-science or philosophy of science point of view, and people would be highly unsatisfied until they actually understood what was going on.