Possibly. You'd have to add support for the nonstandard Plan 9 calling conventions, stack growth checks, and GC stack map information. LLVM broadly has support for all of these features (contrary to what some Go team members have said), but the specific binary formats for these features are incompatible with the Go runtime, so it'd be necessary to contribute upstream changes to LLVM or fork it.
Did they say segmented stack / stack maps is not available in llvm or it was not available when they started working on Go around 2007? Because I notice that segmented support was added around 2012 and stack maps in 2013.