Apart from this talk being good, I really want to thank the author of the points. Too many great talks on CS topics stay only in video form, which require an hour to consume, and never get a good TL;DR treatment.
One way to see monads (but don't take this for a tutorial or the "one true way" or anything like that) is as a special data type which captures the binding structure of a language. They have good "generic" structure and the "free" monad is the expression of that generality showing how you can factor the "binding" bit and the "effectful" bit apart.
The interpreter pattern is huuuge. There are so many ways to use it. Free monads take one fruitful corner and show you a highly natural way o organize and exploit it.
