To name a few: Engle, Granger, Merton, Markowitz, Miller, Sharpe. Shortly, they're used frequently in the area of risk management.
With some good faith you can also take into account the assymetric informations study, so Akerlof, Spence, Stiglitz, Vickrey; also, if you're big enough to move the prices by your orders, the game theory applies: Selten, Nash, Harsanyi.
As for the Black-Scholes, from what I understand, the biggest insight is that the volatility of the stock is basically the risk.
The problems with the non-constant volatility, led to studying different (ARCH, GARCH) models and work appreciated by a Nobel in 2003.
Interestingly, when Markowitz invested his own money, he invested 50% in stocks, and 50% in bonds. If the creator did not believe in his own creation, I don't think anyone should. BTW, Engle's work is kind of useless in the real-world...
With some good faith you can also take into account the assymetric informations study, so Akerlof, Spence, Stiglitz, Vickrey; also, if you're big enough to move the prices by your orders, the game theory applies: Selten, Nash, Harsanyi.
As for the Black-Scholes, from what I understand, the biggest insight is that the volatility of the stock is basically the risk.
The problems with the non-constant volatility, led to studying different (ARCH, GARCH) models and work appreciated by a Nobel in 2003.