One of the biggest advantages that I know of is that VSC has a very good NodeJS debugger for Javascript and Typescript[1]. Having the debugger integrated into the editor is huge improvement over Node Inspector. Last time I tried Atom's debuggers, they were not very good.
VS Code's debugger has an open extension model that allows adding debuggers for other languages. We have Node, Go, and Chrome debugging today, and are planning on adding others.
[1]: https://code.visualstudio.com/Docs/editor/debugging