The 33kWh per kilo of hydrogen - that's the absolute physical limit of green hydrogen production via electrolysis, assuming 100% efficient production, no leaks, no labor, no maintenance, no electricity losses, frictionless transportation and infrastructure that just magically pops up where needed. It's not the case that technology will push the price down - this is the best anyone can ever hope for
That's just a physical material property of hydrogen itself. It has nothing at all to do with anything else. 1kg of hydrogen has a (lower, not upper) calorific value of about 33 kWh, period. Doesn't matter where it's going, how it was made, what infrastructure was used, what any of the efficiencies involved were, ... You could magically conjure up 1kg of hydrogen from outer space and it would have that property too.
A relatively recent discovery points to macroscopic multicellular life as early as 2.1B years ago (1), right after the Great Oxidization Event. We only have fossils of a single specie. Given the complexity of the specimens, it's unlikely to have been the only specie in existence. The rest of the biota is probably lost to time.
The fossil record for Ediacarian biota (pre-Cambrian age) is also very sparse. It's only after the evolution of endo/exoskeletons that we start to get proper fossil records
Unfortunately, noise pollution is at the very bottom of public agencies' priority list.
Even in Europe, with stricter regulators and less tolerance towards loud and obnoxious behavior, it's way too common to hear tuned motorcycles blasting 110dB engine screeches at 2AM, keeping everyone in the neighborhood awake. In theory it's not allowed, in reality the bikers can do it with impunity any time they please. Drones would at least provide some beneficial service.
It's a lot easier to get a small handful of delivery companies to comply with noise pollution regulations than it is to get a large number of motorcyclists to comply. It's also easier to write very strict noise pollution standards for new technology like drones than it is to write very strict standards for existing popular technology like cars and motorcycles.
imho this is the correct answer. It's also the reason why Apple seemingly can't make up their mind - making the phone thinner, wider, taller, shorter, camera notches, buttons, colors, etc. It's intentional - there must be some easily identifiable way to tell apart those with money and status from the pauper peasants who embarrass themselves with last year phones. BMW plays the same game with the grill on their cars. And the whole fashion industry is basically 100% built on this dynamic.
Just several years ago, Facebook IPO-ed at ~$90B valuation, before sliding all the way down to ~$45B. Facebook was already a giant global corporation with close to a billion active users, nearly all of them from western countries.
AfterPay's valuation puts it at two thirds of mid-2012 Facebook. Up until now, I've never heard of them
it really is much harder to self host than it used to.
90s: ask your ISP for a public IP, register your domain, start Apache and off you go
Nowadays: getting a public IP is iffy. All good domain names are taken. Emails from your self-hosted mail server go straight to spam/junk. Fiddling with TLS certificates is close to mandatory. The moment you start your server, you're bombarded by a flood of gratuitous requests, trying out every known vulnerability under the sun. etc. etc.
I wasn't part of the "ask your isp" era, but I would say you're painting nowadays a little more bleak then then it really is.
I can grab a cheap vps within minutes from DigitalOcean or OVH, with a public IP included. Both offer images with pre-configured software, and there are ample guides for setting up just about anything. Certbot/Let's Encrypt will literally setup add the generated TLS cert to your nginx config if you ask it to.
Based on my only social contact working in trades, the income follows a bathtub distribution - a lot of people taking below average, and a sizable minority getting upper middle class incomes, with almost nothing in between. This is the reason why we get the contradictory narratives of great fortunes in trades on one hand, and the statistics telling the opposite on the other hand.
Allegedly, the talent pool is really shallow - with a modicum of intelligence, passion and human skills, it's not that hard to make it. But most of the guys who end up studying trades are the bottom of the barrel who would do badly in any endeavor (or so I was told).
Well, it doesn't end with China. Around ~2010, once you scrub off the weasel word hedging, The Economist was predicting an imminent Eurozone breakup. It didn't predict the entirely predictable austerity recessions of 2012-2015. They were fairly bullish on Abenomics in Japan. They were very bullish on the future of BRICS around ~2008, out of which Brazil, Russia and South Africa are stagnating ever since.
Then, there's a very important tool in forming editorial slant - omitting reporting on inconvenient facts. Italy and Spain, the putatively sluggish laggards strangled by overly strict labor protection laws, have somehow overtaken the allegedly dynamic UK in labor productivity. Ireland, the purported economic wonder, have a household disposable income (a fairly good metric of material standards of living), lower than Italy and much lower than France. We keep hearing about the importance of education, competitiveness, R&D and ease of doing business, yet somehow Finland, which tops the rankings, is in year 14 of it's economic stagnation. Have you heard any of this from The Economist?
Median household disposable income, at PPP, after taxes and transfers is higher in Ireland than France, Italy, UK.
It is behind all those on a per capita basis, but that's the mean, not the median. I infer that this means Ireland has less income inequality.
(Ireland's economic wonder was growth from the 90s through to the early 2000s, largely via foreign direct investment, incentivized by low corporate tax rates. This structurally inflates GDP and makes the country look artificially good on international comparisons, but this is fairly well known, I believe. Irish economic commentary often uses GNI instead, and in fact the Irish central bank replaced GDP with GNI for its own measurements of the economy - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_gross_national_income.)
Because those better yields are there for a reason. That reason isn't lack of intermediaries, it's high inherent risks.
Economy has a risk-free rate of return, that of 1-year treasuries, at 0.05% currently. Anything above that involves risk. A rate of return of 7%/year means there's 7%-0.05% chance of the instrument being worthless after one year, ~14% chance of it losing half its value, ~28% chance of it losing a quarter of it's value, etc. There's no free lunch, and there's no financial arbitrage
Two economists are walking down the street and happen upon a $20 bill lying on the sidewalk. The first economist says, "Look at that $20 bill." The second says, "That can't really be a $20 bill lying there, because if it were, someone would have picked it up already." So they walk on, leaving the $20 bill undisturbed.
This. 5-year-old state of the art is today's incubator open source, and a commodity 2 years from now. There's no reason to think autonomous driving will be an exception.
The 33kWh per kilo of hydrogen - that's the absolute physical limit of green hydrogen production via electrolysis, assuming 100% efficient production, no leaks, no labor, no maintenance, no electricity losses, frictionless transportation and infrastructure that just magically pops up where needed. It's not the case that technology will push the price down - this is the best anyone can ever hope for