This is an awesome tool and something I've been trying to do for too long. I've been trying to find ways of "quasi-replicating" SPA's like this and then doing analysis on them.
Can you talk a little bit about your approach? Any recommend readings or other tools for inspiration?
I got the idea to write this tool years ago when I noticed that even though many frontends use code splitting, chunks can be enumerated most of the time , because if the name includes the content hash, there must be a map from chunk id to chunk hash, so by finding that map I could enumerate and download all chunks.
In practice this might be more complicated, there are manifests and sometimes there's no map and the name only depends on the chunk id..
The second thing were source maps.. I saw tree-like structure in devtools so intuitively I wanted some way to "save" what I saw as files. Moreover, I figured out that there are many publicly reachable development/staging environments which save source maps on, plus the source map sometimes exists even if it's not specified in the minified file. This made me interested in the topic, but I couldn't find any tools that combine chunk detection and source map unpacking :)
Note that while source maps don't contain configuration data (like webpack config), some of this could possibly be inferred from the minified source, albeit I didn't explore this further.
I don't think so. Poking around the source code, the only thing exposed in the cli client around listen() and accept() is related to FTP, because of the way FTP works. It does mean, though, that libcurl has functions like Curl_conn_tcp_listen_set() and Curl_conn_tcp_accepted_set() that could be used for what you're describing. It's just that they are only used for FTP now.
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Reading the paper, this is the best summary I can make. Note that I'm an engineer, not an astrophysicist.
The basic thought is that in 1963, a guy named Kerr seems to have come up with the best approximation of black holes. Many observations have been made of various black holes, and they seem to line up with his proposals. The issue is that this solution has a nasty singularity in it, which is very very extreme and doesn't really "match" the rest of nature. However, it's the only plausible explanation for the behavior seen in black holes.
People have been trying to solve this for ages. A bunch of people have different ideas for how we can resolve the singularity issue - maybe the event horizon is moving with the universe's expansion, or something funky happens to physics at high density (like how quantum mechanics gets weirder as you get smaller), or maybe the mass is somehow moved forward/backward in time and this merely appears to be a singularity from our vantage point.
However, all these are flawed because they don't take into account the fact that black holes are spinning. When you make the black hole spin, these theories all fail in one way or the other - they give the wrong results in short timescales, or they give the wrong results in long timescales.
In 2019, 2 guys named Kevin Croker and Joel Weiner demonstrated that the universe's expansion rate varies based how heavy the space next to it is. (That is a link to a summary of the paper.) This 2019 paper basically solved some questions about Einstein's equations, and importantly it also possibly answers some of the questions around singularities - even spinning ones. However, it didn't delve too deep into those questions, saying they should have a follow-up study.
This new paper is the follow-up study of that paper. It basically holds that "yes, that theory does solve the issue of singularities." They go on to say that the stress that a black hole puts on an object (its gravitational pull) can vary based on how quickly the space near the black hole is expanding.
Because the space near the black hole is expanding at different rates relative to seemingly "minor" (on the scale of the black hole) sizes, you get fluctuations to the gravitational pull that appear to be shifted through time. The paper's authors liken this to how redshift works with light; further away objects are more red than closer objects just because the light's wavelength increases with distance. The difference is that the change in gravitational pull is shifted based on time instead of distance (remembering that time is intrinsically linked to space and that we already know black holes distort time).
The paper claims that the necessary outcome of this is that you now have a physical object ("relativistic material" in science words) that must be intrinsically linked to the universe's expansion rate - as the expansion rate changes, that material also changes (or perhaps vice versa). They call this a "cosmological coupling" between everyday physics and the universe's expansion rate.
You can use the strength of this coupling (i.e. how intensely some mass is tied to the universe expansion rate) and plug it into the old 1963 Kerr equations and suddenly they work without needing weird singularities. You still get a singularity at 0 (i.e. no relation between universe expansion rate and mass), but since we know that there is a link we know that it should always be > 0 (i.e. no singularity).
They predict that for black holes you can expect that number to be about equal to 3, give or take, and such a result lines up with the 2019 paper.
Now that they have an idea of a mechanism, they can use the scientific method to see if they can experimentally replicate their hypothesis. There should be a detectable difference between the "classic" singularity approach and a "not a singularity but pretty close" approach, and they are trying to detect this by looking at how black holes gain mass.
Specifically, they're looking at supermassive black holes which seem to grow in mass as they age, even though there shouldn't be a link between time and black hole mass. Because these old galaxies are "dead", the black holes have no way to gain mass by "eating" the stuff around them, and so science currently doesn't know why these black holes appear to be growing with time - they must be growing because of some other mechanism.
The paper goes on to say they're going to do an experiment to see if that "cosmological coupling" factor actually ties in to the size of the black hole, and if the expansion of spacetime local to the black hole may explain why the black hole appears to be gaining mass when it shouldn't.
They do some experiments, blah blah blah, traditionally if there was no link between expansion and ages they "should" get the number 0 according to the 1963 model. Instead they got a value of about 3, consistently, no matter how bad the redshift was. There's a graph, it's probably closer to 2.96 than 3.14 so don't get your hopes up for some weird cosmological coincidence. They can say with 99.98% confidence that the number is not 0 like the 1963 model assumes.
They go on and say this validates their hypothesis, that a singularity explanation is not needed, and that black holes will always grow at a constant rate of about 3, using the equation a3.
They say this means black holes are made of "vacuum energy" and because of the law of conservation of energy black holes cause spacetime to dilute at a-3 , meaning this constant growth rate is causing the universe to expand (or maybe vice versa - but they appear to be related).
They do more math to prove this also holds with everything we know about universe expansion so far and that the rate of universe expansion matches what we should expect with the number of black holes we think there are.
They are careful to say this doesn't prove anything, it just demonstrates a probable link with high confidence. They give examples of further experiments that could potentially disprove their theory:
Checking the cosmic microwave background radiation to see if the numbers still line up
Checking to see if black holes reduce the energy of gamma ray bursts by an amount predicted by their theory
Checking that when two supermassive black holes collide, the result appears to gain more mass than what traditional science would expect (but would be in line with this theory, i.e. a factor of 3)
Stare at a pulsar orbiting a black hole for a decade or so and see if you can see the pulsar's orbit change according to their theory
Their theory implies that there are more massive black holes than what we observe, so someone should check to see if there's a reason why black holes aren't getting as big as this theory suggests (is there some constraint that blocks black holes from growing?)
They don't have the exact formula, only that an exact formula should exist. Someone should work it out. There is a competing theory that solves issues with quantum mechanics that may not line up with this theory; someone should check
Take more measurements and replicate this experiment to verify the numbers are correct with a larger sample size
Check quasars with a redshift of 6 and see if the math still maths
And then they say thank you and do more math. Again, I'm not an expert here so maybe I misunderstood some things, but hopefully that makes things easier to understand. It seems like the 2019 study was more impactful, and this mostly affirms the 2019 study.
I think the requirement for coupling from spin is due to frame-dragging, where there's basically a shear force to accommodate conservation of momentum on the stress-energy tensor.. or smth, a lot over my head. This coupling in theory goes out to infinity, but wouldn't be significant for small gravitational objects. Very large BHs spinning near lightspeed would couple very far.
From there, the intuition that helps me went like "imagine a rubber band, being pulled apart. Then imagine a pinched point somewhere along its length. As you continue to pull the whole thing, the interior pressure on the pinched part will increase." That's why the interior energy of the BH increases in connexion with the expanding space.
Good deal. Yeah— It’s not the video I remembered either but the material I remember from the “con” talk is in there. It’s an odd feeling not to be able to find the video I have the original memory of.
What's really concerning is if this turns out to be true, Okta has, at a minimum 26k (yes), customers right now. A simple enumeration of subdomains reveals this. I've put them here in a paste: https://ghostbin.com/K7tIA
Ah yes, perhaps a bit more due diligence was required.
Can someone help me out then here? I checked the domain here: https://phonebook.cz/, but manually inspecting the certificate, I don't see the * in front of okta.com to denote a wildcard domain is in use(*.okta.com). What am I missing?
I was wrong on this. See my comment above. I thought inspecting the certificate would be enough to tell you? I don't see the blob in any cert details. Where did I error?
