I scanned the article. Oddly enough, it is about the toxins in the environment where a CEO was born. From the article's conclusion:
>Superfund CEOs—those born in counties later designated as Superfund sites—excel in internally focused management domains where risk-taking remains adjustable and containable, yet struggle with externally focused policies where risks are immediately exposed to market consequences. [...] Superfund sites represent some of the most hazardous contaminated areas in the U.S., and our sample primarily includes executives born before industrial chemicals were widely recognized as developmental toxicants. [...] This historical setting provides a unique opportunity to examine how early-life conditions interact with career selection mechanisms that systematically filter executives based on risk-taking outcomes.
It is about where the CEO was conceived and born. From the article's introduction:
>Our approach addresses these issues by exploiting prenatal exposure to pollution from Superfund sites as an exogenous source of variation in executive risk-taking behavior. [...] we control for a wide range of fixed effects, including firm, year, industry-year, CEO birth year, birth county, and headquarters state, ensuring that comparisons are made among otherwise similar CEOs. [...] we show that selection mechanisms in promotion can amplify behavioral traits shaped by early-life conditions, even when firms are unaware of those traits.
Personally, I think it sounds like hogwash -- "statistically significant" findings that have little bearing on reality.
More likely, those born in heavily industrial areas are more likely to have careers in industry.
No system is perfect or never in need of reform, including the UK civil service.
However, recent attacks on the civil service from the political right are almost always a consequence of reality colliding with politics, i.e. the civil service pointing out that ministerial decisions may be unlawful, etc. There are legions of examples of this conflict arising under the previous Tory government.
As such, it is indeed within the power of parliament to change the law so that their political objectives may be met. It is not up to the civil service to break the law when that is convenient to ministers.
The UK doesn't follow the American declaration of independence...
In UK law such "inalienable rights" are found within the Human Rights Act, 1998 [0], itself based largely on the European Convention on Human Rights [1]. Both are famously disparaged by the political right.
That's basically irrelevant from where I stand. I don't subscribe to the idea that everything is relative. That we should "respect different choices". The point of an inalienable right is that it's intrinsic according to our basic values. The british failing to respect that doesn't change it.
There is no such thing as an unalienable right or as a human right.
Rights are simply the expression of the interests of certain classes at a certain point in time.
That said, I struggle to find "free speech" a compelling inalienable right when it's what has directly led to the disaster befalling the Americas in this very moment. Especially since the American conception of "free speech" isn't just to be able to express oneself, but to actually have one's words be accepted no matter what.
Okay, I think we have a fundamental disagreement in our first principles that won't be reconciled. I hope people who believe as you do live abroad and do not bring those views to America where y'all could vote. Nothing personal but that's not a reconcilable difference.
I believe that America's standard of imminent lawless action is the only even remotely-okay circumstance under which you can punish speech directly. The ECHR really doesn't have any bearing on what is right and wrong; laws do not determine morality.
Here's a BBC article on the case. Obviously 1) there was more to this than just a few posts on Whatsapp, and 2) the situation did get out of control for a brief while and the police were called. Probably similar to common "affray" or public disorder cases.
>The school said it had "sought advice from police" after a "high volume of direct correspondence and public social media posts" that it said had become upsetting for staff, parents and governors.
Perhaps it's because the most powerful voices criticizing restrictions on speech in the UK are coming from the "right", e.g. Musk, Farage, Robinson, etc.
These claim that their views would be more widely accepted if it were not for restrictions on freedom of speech.
The comparison is made with America's First Amendment, which is a valuable piece of legislation.
How does the law in the US treat incitement to violence, as shown by some of the cases described, e.g. Among them were people who said things like “blow the mosque up” and “set fire to all the fucking hotels full of the bastards”. That probably would have been legal in America, says Gavin Phillipson of Bristol University, since it falls short of presenting a clear and imminent danger.
What would constitute "clear and imminent danger" in a online posting?
The person in question did not say the latter. You have, presumably deliberately, decontextualized it. She said roughly what you said followed by "for all I care", and she also deleted the post a few minutes after.
(What some people may not understand: UK police are running a dragnet online now, it is unclear when this started but was in full force after Covid, you can post and immediately delete, you can post with five followers...they will find it, and will attempt to prosecute. People on here go mad when police in the US pick up drug addicts, the UK has a China-style operation aimed at the public, they are making 200-300 arrests a week, it is complete insanity).
Now compare this to what else people are seeing. Some people in the UK (I cannot say which ones) are subject to rules: benefit fraud, tax evasion, public disturbances everywhere..."community policing" so these laws are not enforced. A well-known paedophile politician was recently convicted for attempted rape and sexual assault, they got a sentence shorter than the person you are referring to above...a convicted paedophile. Some parts of the UK have given prosecutors guidelines not to give a custodial sentence to paedophiles. During the riots, whilst people were being arrested for tweeting, there was a video online of a policeman asking attendees of a local mosque to put their weapons back in the mosque...no arrests made. For people in the UK, the problem is not the danger of things being said online, the danger is things going on in the physical world around them. I don't think a reasonable person can fail to connect these two things, there is a reason why the police go after the innocent online rather than criminals.
"At the time she had about 9,000 followers on X. Her message was reposted 940 times and viewed 310,000 times, before she deleted it three and a half hours later. " - https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp3nn60wyr6o
>you can post and immediately delete, you can post with five followers...they will find it, and will attempt to prosecute
It would not if there wasn't proof that there was actual planning. That said, you would most likely be monitored by local and state law enforcement.
A similar case happened in Central Illinois a couple years ago, where threats were posted but arrests were not made until the threats moved to actual action.
Not in the US's case. A direct link would be needed.
American jurisprudence on speech leans towards Free Speech Absolutism [0] due to jurisprudence from the 1970s-2000s, and the test for "clear and imminent danger" is extremely high.
Even though the US and the rest of the Anglophone speak English, America jurisprudence is extremely distinct from the rest of the Anglophone (and vice versa), and IMO it doesn't make sense to compare one with the other due to these significant differences.
For example, the UK dealt with the Troubles into the late 1990s, and the US never had a similar insurgency since the 1950s in Puerto Rico, so there is a hardening in NatSec laws in the UK compared to the US.
This is why the US often leverages allied states to help with this kind of monitoring to sidestep some of the legal implications domestically.
That said, I agree with your point to a certain extent, the issue is the US and other Anglophone countries have a different relation with speech and civil liberties. It doesn't make sense to compare the US with the UK or EU and vice versa.
How direct is direct enough? Connolley posted messages inciting racial violence, racial violence ensued.
Was Connolley a major instigator of these riots? No.
The judge's sentencing remarks are below, the key part being:
>6. When you published those words you were well aware of how volatile the situation was. As everyone is aware, that volatility led to serious disorder in a number of areas of the country where mindless violence was used to cause injury and damage to wholly innocent members of the public and to their properties.
Connolley's message was posted at 8.30pm on the 29th July. One day before crowds attacked Mosques in Southport. Related disturbances continued until August 5th.
The Moon's gravity isn't just pulling on the water, it's pulling on the Earth as a whole. It's pulling more on the Earth as a whole than on the water on the far side. In the Earth's frame of reference, that looks like it is pushing the water on the far side away a little bit.
It's not justified for any rigorous setting at all.
In a layperson setting, it's as justified as saying the speed of light slows down in non-vacuum. It doesn't, but it's a close enough explanation for most people most of the time, and if you squint it's sort of saying the right thing, but missing all of the details. In the same way as the observed speed of light is slower in air, the tides happen every 12 hours. But c doesn't change and there aren't two bulges.
It 100% does not, every single photon is moving at the full c speed of light at all times. It's not even that the photons are bouncing around and so they, on average do not make progress as fast. I believe it's a factor of how the moving EM field of the photon nudges particles like electrons a little, whose now moving field results in a lower net wave phase velocity such that observed propagation time is < c, but every photon still moves at exactly c.
It's not that they suck at statistics. It's that their statistics and experimental designs are artificially stuck in the dark ages. This is forced on the world by the academic publishing industry - you publish this way, or you perish. The completely unsurprising result is a reproducibility crisis that undermines the entire field. Check out "Bernoulli's Fallacy" for a good overview.
My theory isn't that Psychologists are bad at statistics. It's that the remaining problems involve lots of messy interactions and messy data that all but require statistical techniques. We just don't have the tools to extract obvious causality amidst such complexity.
Not really - it just shows up so much in psychology because they need statistics much more than, say, physics. Most physics programs in the US do not even teach statistics as a subject.
>Superfund CEOs—those born in counties later designated as Superfund sites—excel in internally focused management domains where risk-taking remains adjustable and containable, yet struggle with externally focused policies where risks are immediately exposed to market consequences. [...] Superfund sites represent some of the most hazardous contaminated areas in the U.S., and our sample primarily includes executives born before industrial chemicals were widely recognized as developmental toxicants. [...] This historical setting provides a unique opportunity to examine how early-life conditions interact with career selection mechanisms that systematically filter executives based on risk-taking outcomes.
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