Those who know this technique either discover it themselves, through "reading, learning, doing", or are shown,like this guy was. None of us was born knowing this. Clay has blogged about his experience of discovering this - that in itself is what makes this a great read for me.
I wouldn't be surprised if every single tech book author, at some point after their book has been published, has learned something and thought "I wish I knew that when I wrote my book !!" By their very nature books document the authors understanding at a point in time. Would polymorphism have helped Clay's book ? Probably. Does not knowing it ruin the book ? Probably not.
If we waited 'til we knew everything before we wrote a book about anything, nothing would ever get written.
Authoring a book and being an expert in the topic of said book is, surprisingly, not always correlated. I don't know this particular person, so don't read that as a comment on this particular author. I have met people whose books I have read, I have seen code written by these same people, I have talked with them about the book topic. My take away is that some people are good at writing books, some people are good at writing code, some, but definitely not all, are good at both.
My concern is the inverse of that: recommending something you either don't fully understand or haven't used long enough to speak to either its pros or cons. Being in a book usually is an indicator that something is a best practice or how the way things should be done, ostensibly being put forth by an expert. Perhaps we shouldn't hold such content to such a standard.
While I understand the point you're trying to make, OOP is a pervasive concept that should factor into building Ruby and RubyMotion apps. My point is if he opts not to use polymorphism in a RubyMotion app, it's an indication from him as the author of a RubyMotion book that polymorphism should be avoided for whatever reason (maybe the dynamic dispatch is too expensive). My assumption isn't that the author simply doesn't understand OOP, but rather that this was a deliberate decision. But, now a hole in his knowledge becomes best practice for many, because as you pointed out, it's the only book on RubyMotion.
I appreciate the humility. I just wish it manifested in a crawl before you can run mentality. There is actual value in understanding the fundamentals.