Christine lagarde was found guilty of negligence, in favor of someone else. Marine Le Pen was found guilty of deliberately embezzling money for her own party. The cases are in no way comparable.
Lagarde allowed a different between Mr Tapis and the state to go to arbitration where a panel of three judges awarded the several millions - not her. This choice was found to be negligent by the CJR, a court composed mostly of politicians, after the pay out was invalided by the French justice system 8 years later. Lagarde was found guilty of pushing for arbitration as a minister when she shouldn’t have.
To quote the linked article: “The verdict came as a surprise as even the public prosecutor had admitted the evidence against Lagarde was “weak” during a five-day trial last week.”
This has absolutely nothing in common with what’s happening to Marine Lepen. Dozens of emails and messages prove that she presided over a setup designed to embezzle millions for the EU while being fully aware this was illegal.
It is the same in France, the courts are independent in principle, while prosecutors remain under executive control but since 2013 they should not give orders on individual cases.
France has an additional layer of independence compared to the U.S. because of the juge d’instruction (investigating judge), who is also supposed to be independent from the executive, unlike prosecutors.
I say in principle because, judges are appointed in France and not elected. The executive as some control through appointments and career advancements but they are not supposed to use it to sanction or reward the judges.
The effectiveness of these independence mechanisms remains a subject of active debate, as evidenced by the relatively recent changes made to them.
n everyday language, words are constantly being created, and these words either persist or disappear. Although this phenomenon has been the subject of much linguistic research, the factors which influence the fate of a new word remain largely unknown, partly because of the difficulty of recording spontaneous language use over time. Examining the varieties of language used on social media allows us to overcome these limitations. We collected over 650 million tweets written in French, covering several years of ordinary interactions between 2.5 million users. We also collected the network of social links between these users. We identified nearly 400 words that appeared in the corpus between 2012 and 2014, and tracked their diffusion over 5 years within the network of users. Some of these words lead to changes, while others generate only ephemeral buzz. By looking at the position in the network of users who adopt these innovations, we show that words adopted by users who are more central in their community and easily in contact with other communities become established in the language, and vice versa. Thus, the position in the network of speakers who adopt these words is enough to predict their fate.
C. Michael Sperberg-McQueen (18 May 1954 – 16 August 2024) was an American medieval German philologist and markup language specialist. He was co-editor of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 spec (1998), and chair of the XML Schema working group.
Very distinct strategies can be deployed to recognize and characterize an unknown environment or a shape. A recent and promising approach, especially in robotics, is to reduce the complexity of the exploratory units to a minimum. Here, we show that this frugal strategy can be taken to the extreme by exploiting the power of statistical geometry and introducing different invariant features. We show that an elementary robot devoid of any orientation or location system, exploring randomly, can access global information about an environment such as the values of the explored area and perimeter. The explored shapes are of arbitrary geometry and may even nonconnected. From a dictionary, this most simple robot can thus identify various shapes such as famous monuments and even read a text.
The Stonewall riots, also known as the Stonewall uprising, Stonewall rebellion, or simply Stonewall, were a series of protests by members of the LGBTQ community[note 1] in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City.
Yesterday, OpenAI announced the most important AI model yet in 2024: Sora, a state-of-the-art (SOTA) text-to-video model that can generate high-quality, high-fidelity 1-minute videos with different aspect ratios and resolutions. Calling it SOTA is an understatement; Sora is miles ahead of anything else in the space. It’s general, scalable, and it’s also… a world simulator?
