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I worry about developing sleep apnea, not only for the effects on my health, but also on my relationship with my partner.

A medicine that treated sleep apnea would be revolutionary for so many people.


> also on my relationship with my partner

That's not really much of an issue. There's an adjustment period, and there's a bit of an art to finding an appropriate mask. One that fits perfectly fine for you might have an exhaust port that blows air in your partner's face. Or the one that your partner can't hear at all might sound thunderously loud in your ears.

But all in all, your partner would much rather have you sleep with a mask than choke all night.


Those who can tolerate the general CPAP experience, have bed partners who tolerate it, and don’t experience detrimental effects should absolutely use it when there are no comparable solutions. However there are lots of perfectly legitimate reasons why not everyone can, and having alternatives (which do also come with side effects) to consider is amazing for the community overall. It’s legitimately great that it sounds like CPAP treatment has been effective for you (as it has for me, mostly), but your comments end up sounding quite dismissive of the challenges faced by other patients.

Careful skepticism of new treatments is always warranted, but even if it only helps 5% of patients with OSA in absolute terms that’s a huge population impact.


Almost everyone can tolerate CPAP. The problem is that the medical establishment sucks at helping people adjust and is awful at properly titrating them. Followup is abysmal. If they did a better job of that, compliance numbers would skyrocket.

Skepticism is very much warranted. CPAP is the gold standard because nothing has come along that comes even close. I'm much more optimistic about an upcoming generation of micro-implants that stimulate various throat muscles than I am about pharmaceutical treatments using stimulants.

Edit: to be clear, I am not dismissive of any OSA patient's concerns. But most of their issues are a consequence of shitty titration and poor support from their sleep docs.


*Apap > cpap, but most people call apap cpap …


I disagree. APAP is reactive, by the time it kicks in you've already had an event. But if it works for you, all the better.


You nailed it. CPAP ultimately fails for something like 50% of patients.


> That's not really much of an issue.

Yes yes love conquers everything and whatnot. Doesn't change the fact that some people need absolute silence to fall asleep and a CPAP machine is very disturbing to them. So they have to sleep with earplugs which, again, is an issue for other reasons.

Please don't generalize your own experience with your partner onto all of us.


Or alternatively, they need the noise, but cannot tolerate rhythmic noise. A CPAP machine to me isn't disturbing because of the noise -- if anything I would prefer some noise to drown out the mild tinnitus. It would be disturbing because it would be a fairly repetitive noise, and my brain would very quickly lock onto it and not allow itself to relax and let me sleep. Even a lot of 'random noise' videos on youtube end up being repetitive enough to trigger this.

I had a friend stay with me for a week or so, and they use a CPAP machine. Due to the poor sound insulation in the house, I could hear the machine from the guest bedroom to mine. It was one of the few times when I had to find some really long-form content on youtube to leave it playing all night on the tv in my bedroom to drown out the repetitiveness of the CPAP machine. For the first few hours of the first night I ended up waking up two or three times an hour because of the repetitive sound of the machine before I realized it.


There are already nasal and throat sprays that help. I use throat spray and it helps a lot for getting better sleep for me and wife.


Call me curious. Where do these sprays fall between homeopathy and verifiable?

I used to use a CPAP but now use an approved dental appliance (fancy word for an expensive mouth guard that readjusts your jaw). I would incorporate a spray that actually helps, if only just a little.


It's verifiable. They act on your uvula by stiffening it. Nasal spray acts on this too, but it also decongests your nose. It's not helping for all reasons of snoring, but for me it helps a lot. Unfortunately, if I spray at 22, it typically works only until about 5 in the morning and next application is not that good, but it's much better than full night of snoring.


We have abandoned Europe, why should we expect them to stay loyal to us?


Getting all the filings is a lot of work, too - you have to build an old load parser


This was my take, as well.


I took Paxlovid twice. Horrible bitter taste, but kept the symptoms at bay. No long covid or persisting brain fog unlike some of my friends. Tested negative by the end of the treatment. My fiancé didn't catch it from my while I isolated.

Derek doesn't have to take Paxlovid next time, but I will.


The extremely well-documented strength of the placebo effect is exactly why medical trials need to be so robust.


I had Covid once. No drugs, no vaccine (don’t jump me it wasn’t available yet). No long covid or brain fog. Sleepiness, loss of taste, flu symptoms for 5 days. Completely better in 10 days.

Anecdotes aren’t usually helpful for effectiveness testing. My experience can vary greatly between my neighbor even with identical demographics and characteristics.


How doy ou know it kept your symptoms at bay?

Plenty of people don't get long Covid, why were you sure you'd get it if you didn't take paxlovid? Same with brain fog?


Took paxlovid also. The symptoms go away really really suddenly and fast.

Sure, you need to run a study to be absolutely certain, but it just takes one experience to notice the effect.


It's interesting how religiously "correlation is not causation" is repeated here - except when it's about personal anecdotes.


Yeah you can read very similar anecdotes from people who took ivermectin. This is why controlled experiments are so important.


370 degrees Celsius? Hopefully a typo

Last time I was in Rwanda I had banana wine. It comes in beer bottles.

I think it’s an acquired taste - I didn’t have the acumen to acquire it myself.


The article mentions that it was provided by SciDev.net.

Looking there you find the original article, and it has the correction to the right temperature: https://www.scidev.net/global/supported-content/rwandan-scie...


> The team looked for a fermenting agent that could remain reactive in substances with a temperature of up to 37 degrees Celsius* and alcohol of the recommended 16 per cent per volume.

> This article was edited on 29/01 to correct the temperature for fermenting to 37 degrees Celsius.


Fruit wines are tasty usually. But the hangover is on the next level.


All wine is made from fruit.


Isn't "fruit" wine kind of a marketing term for "fruit flavored wine", that is "strawberry wine" is supposed to taste like a treat?

The one alcohol that I've made in large quantities [1] is apple cider [2] which I've always made very dry, even though I perceive it has an apple taste, pear cider tastes like pears, even if it is dry.

In sinosphere adaptations of classical Chinese stories like Romance of the Three Kingdoms people talk about drinking 'wine' but my understanding is that what they drank wasn't made from grapes.

[1] probably drank too much of it one December and might have started to get dependent

[2] on my farm we have a few hedgerows that have apples that are good for eating, seedling apples (in some areas surrounded by hedgerows) are usually yucky for eating, although horses think they are fine and they are great for cider.


For fruit wines: you can ferment any fruit with enough sugar. They tend to be made sweet, as many fruits can have bitter or unpleasant flavors that come out when dry, such as strawberry. That said, one of my favorites was a dry raspberry that my dad made.

The Chinese stories could be referring to rice wine, a spirit similar to sake. If the stories refer to regions along the Silk road though, they could easily also be referring to grape wine.


The Chinese alcoholic drink that I think about today is

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijiu

which might have exited in a prototypical form at that time.


That is a distilled spirit.

Mijiu:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijiu

is what would be a rice wine. Wikipedia listed it going back as far as 1000 BCE.

It is considered more of a wine than an ale presumably due to the alcohol content, the type of yeast used and how it is usually consumed, despite being a grain beverage (somewhat like barleywine only more so).


Kinda like Japanese Sake?


> Isn't "fruit" wine kind of a marketing term for "fruit flavored wine", that is "strawberry wine" is supposed to taste like a treat?

It shouldn't be, I'm sure there are companies who will sell that as "fruit wine" just as you'll get companies selling industrial alcohol mixed with grape juice as "wine" anywhere where that's legal, but a true fruit wine is made by fermenting that fruit.


Ah ... it has been a long, long time, but I fondly remember imbibing (and then, promptly, exbibing) that great, fruity vintage: Mogen David 20/20.

Toilet-hugging good.


The phrase I've heard is "country wine" -- e.g., any alcoholic beverage in the ABV of wine (10-18%) but not made exclusively from grapes.


Not true, ever since we had advanced chemistry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_synthesis


Unlike classical grape wines, the fruit ones are quite "wet". And sweet alcohol for reasons unknown causes the worst of the hangovers.


It's for the same reason you feel dead after eating a pound of sugar, and compounded with extra dehydration. Take it from a former professional alcoholic, drink your water and take your B vitamins.


is it unknown? sugar competes with aldehyde dehydrogenase.


Nope. Rice wine, sorghum wine, barley wine. Those are 3 wines made from grains that I could name off the top of my head.


Barleywine is a beer (it requires malting of the barley) marketed as a wine.

Sorghum wine (baijiu) is a distilled spirit, closer to vodka, mistranslated as a wine.

Rice wine (sake, mijiu) really does seem more like a wine than a beer, apart from the fact that it's made from grain. Not sure what is special about rice that makes it suitable for making wine.


This is because pectin in the fleshier fruits will be metabolised into methanol, which isn't very good for you.

Grapes are less of an issue.


depends on the fruit and how many anti-oxidants managed to survive the brewing process


almost entirely depends on how much water you drink, in my experience


Water is the secret that I wish a younger version of me knew about.


College kids in my day just drank and drank and drank and learned to deal with hangovers.

College kids today tend to alternate one alcoholic to one water. They don't really have hangovers.

They're smarter than we were.


Quasi-mandatory orientation week training about safely drinking really worked – I know college kids who'll eat while they're drinking, and apparently they make make "BORGS" with electrolyte drinks mixed in too.

I just wish they had training about all the avoidable mistakes you'll make in college relationships...


Frank the Tank!


I find it bewildering that anyone ever didn't know about this. almost like not knowing sex causes babies


I've heard stories of med students at my former university going on a saline solution IV drip to drink more.


IV therapy is big business in places like Las Vegas.


Pectin breaks down into methanol. Particularly fruit wines and liqueurs will end up with hyper-concentrated methanol. Water will help but cannot remove the pain of actually passing that methanol.

Granted, it's not so bad with the first glass. But with three, be prepared for a nasty hangover. At least this is my experience with applejack. Professionally-made apple jack may be cleaned up more (I kind of hope it is).


I wish avoiding a hangover was as easy as drinking water.

I get really bad hangover from some wines and beers, and no hangover at all from others. Haven't been able to figure out what the difference is. Wish I could just drink water to avoid it.

However, 400mg of Ibuprofen helps a lot.


It depends on the aging. The nasty metabolites that affect taste and cause hangovers are slowly converted to less nasty chemicals as the wine ages.


Certain yeasts used in beer brewing produce an ester that is banana-like, especially when brewed at higher temps. It's often considered an off-flavor.


Do you have a recommendation for having frame by frame control of a file?

I am trying to synchronize multiple video files that have uneven framerates. I have separate metadata containing the frame timing.

The video files are .ts (mpeg stream) files.


Here is the media player I wrote in JavaScript: https://github.com/prettydiff/mp3-master-list/blob/master/li...

I suspect there exist filters in the browser APIs to adjust play back timing and rate. I have not attempted to modify the media in that way myself but I did see API filters to alter stero panning, tonal quality, wave shape, biquad, delay, and more.


I have found it to be more trouble than it is worth, as well


I used to walk across this bridge every day. You could feel whole bridge shake when heavy vehicles would drive over it (Lived in Reagent Square 2017 - 2019). I remember one morning I was trapped on the bridge for an hour in traffic on my drive to school because the city of Pittsburgh could not afford to keep the roads plowed.

Very thankful that nobody was hurt when it collapsed, and as other people have pointed out it is representative of all of the infrastructure that many cities have but can no longer afford to maintain or replace.


Unfortunately people were hurt, the good news is nobody died.

https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/completely-preventab...


A lot of people and businesses use debt to finance the things they want to do. (Buy a home, build a new facility, pay back management). When money is cheaper, people do more.

If you can issue at 6% instead of 7%, your interest expense on that debt has decreased by 16%.

I don't think anyone expects say the fed funds rate to go to 1%, but it could go to 3.5% or 4%. [0]

[0] Fed funds: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1mM6j [-] Const 10yr Treasury https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1nYkd


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