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Most of the big TLDs have already converted to algo 13 -- .org is still lingering on algo 8, but .com, .net, .edu, .gov have all converted, so a lot of the DNS traffic is using smaller signatures already.

Changing the algorithm for the root is being studied - see for instance https://lists.icann.org/hyperkitty/list/ksk-rollover@icann.o... ; I wouldn't be surprised to see an algo change as part of the next root key rollover.


As performed on the David Letterman show: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLQ7xYnyIBQ You can see a few shots of the Cuica -- the drum(!) that makes the high-pitched squeaky monkey noises.

And for fans of video game music: that song inspired this little bit from the 8-bit big band: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6hJvSkVLXs


Thank you! I collect variants of the Wii Shop song on various platforms, its one of my favorite songs from gaming and certainly my favorite dedicated-to-a-single-ui arrangements of music in software.

The Wii interface was a high watermark of style. Nintendo was clearly riding high aping aspects of Apple style in the 2000s but adding all the audio personality made it their own. Others were also invested in making something unique for the TV as an interface paradigm (Xbox 360 Blades, PS2/3 "orchestra" themes). Most of that has died away for practicality (and maybe accessibility) sake now, to flat boxes with minimal animation and no sound.

I looked it up, and all the Wii system audio was done by the same composer that did Pikmin, as well as dozens of other core (but secondary) Nintendo IP over the decades.


That's an oddly narrow focus!

Nintendo appears to make the musical elements of its work a priority and it's good to see it escaping the game console into live performance -- following in the footsteps of both show tunes and movie music..


Something similar was at work in the 2018 natural gas explosions in and around Andover, MA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrimack_Valley_gas_explosion...

"According to the NTSB's preliminary report, customers in the accident area received gas from a low-pressure (0.5 psi) distribution network which, in turn, was fed from a high-pressure (75 psi) main pipeline via regulators controlled by sensors measuring pressure in the low-pressure pipes. At the time of the accident, workers were replacing some of the low-pressure piping, but the procedure set out by Columbia Gas for doing this failed to include transfer of a regulator's pressure sensor from the old, disused piping to the new. As a result, when the old pipe was depressurized, the regulator sensed zero pressure on the low-pressure side and opened completely, feeding the main pipeline's full pressure into the local distribution network."


If you're just talking about when something in a feedback loop gets disconnected (causing the output of the error amplifier to go to an extreme), you can do this with cruise control and a manual transmission (at least on some cars). Engage cruise control on the highway, then pop the car out of gear without using the clutch (so cruise control doesn't disengage). As the car's speed drops, the cruise control applies ever more throttle making the RPM shoot up. I've also done this going downhill with the car naturally gaining speed (and RPM going to idle).


Huh. I've owned a few manual-transmission cars over the years and they all disallowed this trick -- pressing the clutch would disengage cruise control just like a tap on the brakes.


Yeah, pressing the clutch will do that. But you can pop the car out of gear without pressing the clutch. (IIUC) the synchros provide some positive holding force that holds the transmission in gear, but you can overcome it. Also that force goes down with the amount of torque being transferred through the transmission, so you can make it easier by playing with the gas pedal a bit.


Interesting that they only had a single regulator, if overpressure is that dangerous, I would expect them to have multiple regulators in sequence or a blowout valve to dump excess pressure.


Indeed. Not having a mechanical blow out set a bit above the never exceed pressure sounds like a design fault.


After the accident, the Massachusetts legislature passed a law to require a licensed professional engineers stamp on all gas infrastructure designs of this type


That will be in the postmortem I’m sure.

In the mean time, that costs money, and since no one managed to kill people by being dumb in this particular way before….


The NTSB final report on this accident is here:

https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Pages/2019-PLD18MR003-BMG.a...

Unfortunately the shutdown of go.usa.gov broke a bunch of links from that page, but the NTSB recommendations are summarized starting on page 33 (PDF page 44) of https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/...

But the recommendations to the gas company included:

> Review and ensure that all records and documentation of your natural gas systems are traceable, reliable, and complete. (P-18-7) (Urgent)

> Apply management of change process to all changes to adequately identify system threats that could result in a common mode failure. (P-18-8) (Urgent)

> Develop and implement control procedures during modifications to gas mains to mitigate the risks identified during management of change operations. Gas main pressures should be continually monitored during these modifications and assets should be placed at critical locations to immediately shut down the system if abnormal operations are detected. (P-18-9) (Urgent)

Edit to add:

This page has currently working links to the specific recommendations:

https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Pages/pld18mr003.aspx


Thanks for the links - looks like I was right?


Well, my reading is that the corrective action was less "add redundant safeties" and more "have sufficient process controls in place to ensure you don't break the feedback loop during pipeline work".

One potential problem with a pressure relief valve as a safety is that it could turn into a flare/blowtorch if there is an ignition source nearby, which constrains where it can be located (and requires ongoing maintenance to ensure vegetation/etc., doesn't build up where it could get torched).


It's more likely that something energetic happened with an onboard system (propulsion or batteries). Could just be leaky valves causing propellant and oxidizer to meet somewhere they shouldn't..

It's had a few propulsion system issues:

> On 9 September 2016, Intelsat announced that due to a malfunction in the LEROS-1c primary thruster, it would require more time for orbit rising ...

> In August 2017, another propulsion issue appeared, leading to larger-than-expected propellant usage to control the satellite attitude during the north/south station keeping maneuvers. This issue reduced the orbital life-time by about 3.5 years.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelsat_33e


Odd that the article makes no mention of intel's APX extensions (which add more integer registers, 3-operand variants of most 2-operand instructions, and assorted other tweaks).


According to their web site at https://kairospower.com/technology/ it uses a molten fluoride salt based coolant but unlike the MSR/LFTR designs the fissionable fuel is not dissolved into the coolant; instead, the Kairos reactor design puts the fissionables in pellets that are intended to remain solid while in operation; it looks more like a pebble-bed reactor than a MSR/LFTR.


Yes, you are right, I was wrong. The Hermes design is even more conservative than the MSRE design. It is basically the same design as the helium-cooled reactor HTR-PM that China started operating two years ago, only that the helium cooling is replaced with FLiBe cooling; this achieves a higher power density plus a higher rate of passive cooling in case anything goes wrong.

This IAEA report [1] has more details about this design, and the dozens if not hundreds of other types of molten salt reactor designs. The relevant section for the Kairos Hermes design is 4.5 (pages 41-44).

[1] https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/STI-DOC-010-4...


In August, they said the rocket was ready to fly .. but they were quite visibly still doing significant work to the catch mechanism on the launch tower.


SpaceX operates on a rapid iterative cycle where they will knowingly test with deficiencies to improve later. If they get delayed for a massive chunk of time, they are definitely going to use it to make all of the known improvements they can.


The perfect is the enemy of the good, and SpaceX lives by this. If they have time to spare, why not spend it improving nice-to-haves?


being ready to launch is one thing, being ready to catch/land is another. so technically, they weren't wrong


The water deluge system has been in operation for all launches save the first and has been functioning well, protecting the pad from damage. It uses drinking-quality water and outflow has been sampled after each launch, with negligible traces of contaminants detected.

There was a disagreement between the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the US EPA about the specific type of permit that SpaceX needed from TCEQ for the deluge system but that was a paperwork/documentation issue only.

see:

https://www.spacex.com/updates/#starships-fly


First attempt to catch the booster back at the launch site.

The "mechazilla" launch tower has two "chopstick" arms which are used to pick up and stack both stages and which are intended to be able to catch the returning booster and maybe also the returning Starship upper stage.


> has two "chopstick" arms ... which are intended to be able to catch the returning booster

Do you mean this literally? As in something like Mr. Miyagi catching a fly with chopsticks in the orig Karate Kid?


Yes. The booster has two pins that stick out at the top that are designed to hold the weight of the entire booster when empty. The plan is for the booster to return to the launch tower, position itself between the arms which will close on it and then the pins will “land” on the arms, completing the catch.


I’d say the main difference, then, is that the booster will be supported by those pins resting on top of the arms. Chopsticks use friction to hold up their load.


yes the booster’s structure is very strong vertically but not nearly as strong horizontally. There may be some “squeezing” forces from the chopsticks but this is effectively for fine positioning only. It will not support the weight. The booster will “land” by getting its pins (which stick out a bit) on the top rail of the arms.


The arms are also used to lift the rocket onto the pad, so can carry the full weight, not "just" the empty.


The rocket is not filled until the last minute, by fueling arms on the tower. And the weight is like 90% fuel, so it makes a pretty big difference.


Thanks for the explanation! That makes it much more interesting than simply another launch


Main difference (besides scale) is that the booster is cooperating with the chopsticks, navigating to hover at a point between the arms.


Yes, literally, but the arms are massive and not directly controlled by humans.


It should be better described as having the booster land on the arms. The arms will probably be able to adjust a little to assist in alignment, but the booster is doing most of the work to be 'caught'.


They do have to be wide open and close pretty fast once the end on the booster had passed them.


How could it possibly be meant literally? Do you consider it possible for a rocket to be caught by a literal person with literal wooden sticks?

I guess I don't really understand what you are asking. There's a tower with some huge metal arms that is meant to catch the rocket. They call them chopsticks in a joking manner. Obviously, I would have thought.


>How could it possibly be meant literally? Do you consider it possible for a rocket to be caught by a literal person with literal wooden sticks?

in ordinary English there are many degrees of "literally".


In ordinary English literally is a synonym of figuratively since 2013



Yeah I totally envisioned a person holding wooden chopsticks trying to catch a booster /s

You missed the quoted part about > which are intended to be able to catch

Which would be the unique thing to clarify. As in "something like" the "chopsticks" moving to > catch < the thing -- Like Mr. Miyagi moving the chopsticks to > catch < the thing


What benefit does catching the booster provide? (Or, what's a good written guide to that system?)


It allows removing the landing gears on the booster, which saves wheight, which saves fuel, which increases efficiency and reduces costs. It also avoid having to fetch the booster from wherever it would have landed.


What others said is true, but I think the endgame is also to literally land on the launchpad, allowing for a quick turnaround.


Don’t need landing legs/gear on the ship. Saves weight


Given that a lot of the landing failures we've seen started with a near perfect landing followed by the rocket tipping over, I suspect one benefit is that the contact point is now above the center of gravity and thus it can't really tip over.

Of course, it can't tip over unless something fails or the rocket ends up in the wrong spot (and fails to get caught) and the previous tip-overs also had to involve failures (of the landing strut, in the latest loss) or landing in some way that isn't perfectly aligned.


Not much different from the prior flights.

Flight 4 was licensed on June 4th, was originally scheduled to launch on June 5th, and actually launched on the 6th.

Flight 3 received its license on March 13th and launched on March 14th.

Flight 2 received its license on November 15th 2023, and launched on November 18th.

Flight 1 received its license on April 14th; it launched on April 20th.


The main difference here is that up until just a few days ago, the FAA was saying that they didn't plan to issue a license until late November.

https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-flight-five-late-novem...


There was a letter circulating around on X recently, showing that the FAA asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to do their thing faster. Assuming that was real, things got moving after the pressure from Congress.


> up until just a few days ago, the FAA was saying that they didn't plan to issue a license until late November

This might be a case where the FAA's PR department should link to a press release instead of repeatig it contemporaneously.


Should also be noted that Flight 1 was originally attempted to launch on April 17th.


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